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Upgrade (10.1.16+maria-1~jessie) broke system 

sudo apt-get -f install
.......
Setting up mariadb-server-10.1 (10.1.16+maria-1~jessie) ...
Job for mariadb.service failed. See 'systemctl status mariadb.service' and 'journalctl -xn' for details.
invoke-rc.d: initscript mysql, action "start" failed.
dpkg: error processing package mariadb-server-10.1 (--configure):
 subprocess installed post-installation script returned error exit status 1
dpkg: dependency problems prevent configuration of mariadb-server:
 mariadb-server depends on mariadb-server-10.1 (= 10.1.16+maria-1~jessie); however:
  Package mariadb-server-10.1 is not configured yet.

dpkg: error processing package mariadb-server (--configure):
 dependency problems - leaving unconfigured
Errors were encountered while processing:
 mariadb-server-10.1
 mariadb-server
E: Sub-process /usr/bin/dpkg returned an error code (1)

-------------

ystemctl status mariadb.service
mariadb.service - MariaDB database server
   Loaded: loaded (/lib/systemd/system/mariadb.service; enabled)
  Drop-In: /etc/systemd/system/mariadb.service.d
           └─migrated-from-my.cnf-settings.conf
   Active: failed (Result: exit-code) since Thu 2016-07-21 22:46:21 UTC; 2min 1s ago
  Process: 9595 ExecStart=/usr/sbin/mysqld $MYSQLD_OPTS $_WSREP_NEW_CLUSTER $_WSREP_START_POSITION (code=exited, status=227/NO_NEW_PRIVILEGES)
  Process: 9592 ExecStartPre=/usr/bin/install -m 755 -o mysql -g root -d /var/run/mysqld (code=exited, status=0/SUCCESS)
  Process: 9433 ExecStartPre=/bin/sh -c VAR=`/usr/bin/galera_recovery`; [ $? -eq 0 ] &&   systemctl set-environment _WSREP_START_POSITION=$VAR || exit 1 (code=exited, status=0/SUCCESS)
  Process: 9429 ExecStartPre=/bin/sh -c systemctl unset-environment _WSREP_START_POSITION (code=exited, status=0/SUCCESS)
 Main PID: 9595 (code=exited, status=227/NO_NEW_PRIVILEGES)

Jul 21 22:46:21  systemd[1]: mariadb.service: main process exited, code=exited, status=227/NO_NEW_PRIVILEGES
Jul 21 22:46:21  systemd[1]: Failed to start MariaDB database server.
Jul 21 22:46:21  systemd[1]: Unit mariadb.service entered failed state.

------- syslog

Jul 21 22:49:15 systemd[1]: mariadb.service: main process exited, code=exited, status=227/NO_NEW_PRIVILEGES
Jul 21 22:49:15 systemd[1]: Failed to start MariaDB database server.
Jul 21 22:49:15 systemd[1]: Unit mariadb.service entered failed state.

------- I have tried so far

apt-get clean
system restart
dpkg --configure -a
dpkg --configure -f

apt-get is blocked now as it always tries to configure mariadb and then fail

Any ideas?

Answer

This looks like another manifestation of MDEV-10404.

As a workaround you can override the default mariadb systemd config by creating /etc/systemd/system/mariadb.service.d/whatever.conf with

NoNewPrivileges=false

or something along these lines

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