The Ultimate Guide to High Availability with MariaDB
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MySQL Cluster setup and MariaDB MaxScale configuration

MySQL Cluster setup and MariaDB MaxScale configuration

Overview

The document covers the MySQL Cluster 7.2.17 setup and MariaDB MaxScale configuration for load balancing the SQL nodes access.

MySQL Cluster setup

The MySQL Cluster 7.2.17 setup is based on two virtual servers with Linux Centos 6.5

  • server1:

  • NDB Manager process

  • SQL data node1

  • MySQL 5.5.38 as SQL node1

  • server2:

  • SQL data node2

  • MySQL 5.5.38 as SQL node2

Cluster configuration file is /var/lib/mysql-cluster/config.ini, copied on all servers.

[ndbd default]
NoOfReplicas=2
DataMemory=60M
IndexMemory=16M

[ndb_mgmd]
hostname=178.62.38.199
id=21
datadir=/var/lib/mysql-cluster

[mysqld]
hostname=178.62.38.199

[mysqld]
hostname=162.243.90.81

[ndbd]
hostname=178.62.38.199

[ndbd]
hostname=162.243.90.81

Note that it’s possible to specify all node id:s and datadir as well for each cluster component.

Example:

[ndbd]
hostname=162.243.90.81
id=43
datadir=/usr/local/mysql/data

Also, /etc/my.cnf, copied as well in all servers.

[mysqld]
ndbcluster
ndb-connectstring=178.62.38.199
innodb_buffer_pool_size=16M

[mysql_cluster]
ndb-connectstring=178.62.38.199

Startup of MySQL Cluster

Each cluster node process must be started separately, and on the host where it resides. The management node should be started first, then the data nodes, and finally any SQL nodes:

  • On the management host, server1, issue the following command from the system shell to start the management node process:
[root@server1 ~]# ndb_mgmd -f /var/lib/mysql-cluster/config.ini
  • On each of the data node hosts, run this command to start the ndbd process:
[root@server1 ~]# ndbd —-initial -—initial-start

[root@server2 ~]# ndbd —-initial -—initial-start
  • On each SQL node start the MySQL server process:
[root@server1 ~]# /etc/init.d/mysql start

[root@server2 ~]# /etc/init.d/mysql start

Check the cluster status

If all has gone well and the cluster has been set up correctly, the cluster should now be operational.

It’s possible to test this by invoking the ndb_mgm management node client.

The output should look as shown here, although you might see some slight differences in the output depending upon the exact version of MySQL in use:

[root@server1 ~]# ndb_mgm

-- NDB Cluster -- Management Client --

ndb_mgm> show

Connected to Management Server at: 178.62.38.199:1186

Cluster Configuration

---------------------

[ndbd(NDB)] 2 node(s)

id=24   @178.62.38.199  (mysql-5.5.38 ndb-7.2.17, Nodegroup: 0, *)

id=25   @162.243.90.81  (mysql-5.5.38 ndb-7.2.17, Nodegroup: 0)

[ndb_mgmd(MGM)] 1 node(s)

id=21   @178.62.38.199  (mysql-5.5.38 ndb-7.2.17)

[mysqld(API)]   2 node(s)

id=22   @178.62.38.199  (mysql-5.5.38 ndb-7.2.17)

id=23   @162.243.90.81  (mysql-5.5.38 ndb-7.2.17)

ndb_mgm>

The SQL node is referenced here as [mysqld(API)], which reflects the fact that the mysqld process is acting as a MySQL Cluster API node.

Working with NDBCLUSTER engine in MySQL

  • First create a table with NDBCLUSTER engine:
[root@server1 ~]# mysql

mysql> CREATE TABLE `t1` (   `a` int(11) DEFAULT NULL ) ENGINE=NDBCLUSTER;

Query OK, 0 rows affected (3.28 sec)

mysql> show create table t1;

+-------    +-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| Table | Create Table                                                                              |

+-------+-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+

| t1    | CREATE TABLE `t1` (
`a` int(11) DEFAULT NULL

) ENGINE=ndbcluster DEFAULT CHARSET=latin1 |

+-------+-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+

1 row in set (0.01 sec)
  • Add a row in the table:
mysql> insert into test.t1 values(11);

Query OK, 1 row affected (0.15 sec)
  • Select the current number of rows:
mysql> select count(1) from t1;

+----------+
| count(1) |
+----------+
|        1 |
+----------+

1 row in set (0.07 sec)
  • The same from the MySQL client pointing to SQL node on server2:
[root@server2 ~]# mysql

mysql> select count(1) from test.t1;

+----------+
| count(1) |
+----------+
|        1 |
+----------+

1 row in set (0.08 sec)

Configuring MariaDB MaxScale for connection load balancing of SQL nodes

Add these sections into the maxscale.cnf config file:

[Cluster Service]
type=service
router=readconnroute
router_options=ndb
servers=server1,server2
user=test
passwd=test
version_string=5.5.37-CLUSTER

[Cluster Listener]
type=listener
service=Cluster Service
protocol=MariaDBClient
port=4906

[NDB Cluster Monitor]
type=monitor
module=ndbclustermon
servers=server1,server2
user=monitor
passwd=monitor
monitor_interval=8000

[server1]

#SQL node1
type=server
address=127.0.0.1
port=3306
protocol=MariaDBBackend

[server2]
#SQL node2
type=server
address=162.243.90.81
port=3306
protocol=MariaDBBackend

Assuming MariaDB MaxScale is installed in server1, start it.

[root@server1 ~]# cd /usr/bin

[root@server1 bin]#  ./maxscale -c ../

Using the debug interface it’s possible to check the status of monitored servers.

MaxScale> show monitors

Monitor: 0x387b880

Name:       NDB Cluster Monitor
Monitor running
Sampling interval:  8000 milliseconds
Monitored servers:  127.0.0.1:3306, 162.243.90.81:3306

MaxScale> show servers

Server 0x3873b40 (server1)

Server:                     127.0.0.1
Status:                     NDB, Running
Protocol:                   MariaDBBackend
Port:                       3306
Server Version:             5.5.38-ndb-7.2.17-cluster-gpl
Node Id:                    22
Master Id:                  -1
Repl Depth:                 0
Number of connections:      0
Current no. of conns:       0
Current no. of operations:  0

Server 0x3873a40 (server2)

Server:                     162.243.90.81
Status:                     NDB, Running
Protocol:                   MariaDBBackend
Port:                       3306
Server Version:             5.5.38-ndb-7.2.17-cluster-gpl
Node Id:                    23
Master Id:                  -1
Repl Depth:                 0
Number of connections:      0
Current no. of conns:       0
Current no. of operations:  0

It’s now possible to run basic tests with the read connection load balancing for the two configured SQL nodes.

(1) test MaxScale load balancing requesting the Ndb_cluster_node_id variable:

[root@server1 ~]# mysql -h 127.0.0.1 -P 4906 -u test -ptest -e "SHOW STATUS LIKE 'Ndb_cluster_node_id'"

+---------------------+-------+
| Variable_name       | Value |
+---------------------+-------+
| Ndb_cluster_node_id | 23    |
+---------------------+-------+

[root@server1 ~]# mysql -h 127.0.0.1 -P 4906 -u test -ptest -e "SHOW STATUS LIKE 'Ndb_cluster_node_id'"

+---------------------+-------+
| Variable_name       | Value |
+---------------------+-------+
| Ndb_cluster_node_id | 22    |
+---------------------+-------+

The MariaDB MaxScale connection load balancing is working.

(2) test a select statement on an NBDBCLUSTER table, database test and table t1 created before:

[root@server1 ~] mysql -h 127.0.0.1 -P 4906 -utest -ptest -e "SELECT COUNT(1) FROM test.t1"

+----------+
| COUNT(1) |
+----------+
|        1 |
+----------+

(3) test an insert statement

mysql -h 127.0.0.1 -P 4906 -utest -ptest -e "INSERT INTO test.t1 VALUES (19)"

(4) test again the select and check the number of rows

[root@server1 ~] mysql -h 127.0.0.1 -P 4906 -utest -ptest -e "SELECT COUNT(1) FROM test.t1"

+----------+
| COUNT(1) |
+----------+
|        2 |
+----------+
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