The Ultimate Guide to High Availability with MariaDB
This is a read-only copy of the MariaDB Knowledgebase generated on 2024-12-18. For the latest, interactive version please visit https://mariadb.com/kb/.

Debugging a Running Server (on Linux)

Contents

  1. Debugging Memory Consumption With tcmalloc
  2. ptrace Protection and Attaching GDB to a mysqld Instance
  3. Debugging a Server That Hangs

Even if you don't have a server that is compiled for debugging, there are still ways to get more information out from it if things go wrong.

When things go wrong, it's always better to have a version of mysqld daemon that is not stripped.

shell> file /usr/sbin/mysqld

If this doesn't say 'stripped' then you are fine. If not, you should either download a binary with debugging information or compile it, without stripping the binary.

Debugging Memory Consumption With tcmalloc

Read the Profiling Memory Usage page for more information on how to debug high memory consumption.

If you have a problem with a mysqld process that keeps on growing, you can use tcmalloc to find out what is allocating memory:

Depending on the system you have to install the tcmalloc (OpenSuse) or the google-perftools-lib (RedHat, Centos) package.

The following set of commands starts mysqld with memory profiling and if you kill it with SIGABRT, you will get a core dump that you can examine:

HEAPPROFILE=/tmp/mysqld.prof /usr/sbin/mysqld_safe --malloc-lib=tcmalloc --core-file-size=unlimited --core-file

or if you prefer to invoke mysqld directly:

ulimit -c unlimted
LD_PRELOAD=/usr/lib64/libtcmalloc.so.4 HEAPPROFILE=/tmp/mysqld.prof /usr/sbin/mysqld --core-file

You can of course add other mysqld options to the end of the above line.

Now start your client/application that uses MariaDB. You can find where memory is allocated in the /tmp/mysqld.prof file. If you find any memory issues, please report this in the MariaDB bug tracker!

ptrace Protection and Attaching GDB to a mysqld Instance

New Ubuntu releases do not allow one process to examine the memory of an arbitrary user's process. As a result, when trying to attach GDB to a running MariaDB (or any other process) instance, one gets the following error in GDB:

ptrace: Operation not permitted

More details are available in the Ubuntu Wiki.

To allow GDB to attach, one needs to edit the value of the /proc/sys/kernel/yama/ptrace_scope sysctl value.

  • To change it temporarily, open a root shell and issue:
    echo 0 > /proc/sys/kernel/yama/ptrace_scope
  • To change it permanently, edit as root: 
    /etc/sysctl.d/10-ptrace.conf
    and set the value to 0.

Debugging a Server That Hangs

If your mysqld server hangs, you may want to debug it to know what happened.

Preferably the server should be compiled for debugging, but it's not strictly necessary:

cmake -DCMAKE_BUILD_TYPE=Debug -DWITH_VALGRIND=ON .
make -j4

To know what the server is doing:

  • Find out the process number of mysqld 
ps -edalf | grep mysqld
  • Attach to the process and get a back trace: 
gdb -p 'pid of mysqld' path-to-mysqld
set height 0
set logging file /tmp/mysqld.log
set logging on
thread apply all backtrace full

After the above, you have a full backtrace, including all local variables, in the mysqld.log file. Note that you will only get all variables if the server is not stripped.

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