CREATE TABLE with vectors

MariaDB has a dedicated data type VECTOR(N) with a built-in data validation. N is the number of dimensions that all vector values in the column will have. For example,

CREATE TABLE embeddings (
        doc_id BIGINT UNSIGNED PRIMARY KEY,
        embedding VECTOR(1536)
);

To have a fast vector search one needs to index the vector column, creating a VECTOR index:

CREATE TABLE embeddings (
        doc_id BIGINT UNSIGNED PRIMARY KEY,
        embedding VECTOR(1536) NOT NULL,
        VECTOR INDEX (embedding)
);

Note that there can be only one vector index in the table and the indexed vector column must be NOT NULL.

There are two options that can be used to configure the vector index.

• M — Larger values mean slower SELECTs and INSERTs, larger index size and higher memory consumption but more accurate results.
• DISTANCE — Distance function to build the vector index for. Searches using a different distance function will not be able to use a vector index. For example,

CREATE TABLE embeddings (
        doc_id BIGINT UNSIGNED PRIMARY KEY,
        embedding VECTOR(1536) NOT NULL,
        VECTOR INDEX (embedding) M=8 DISTANCE=cosine
);